Dissent is the native activity of the scientist, 

and it has got him into a good deal of trouble in the last years. 

But if that is cut off, 

what is left will not be a scientist. 

And I doubt whether it will be a man.

That is the essence of science: 

ask an impertinent question, 

and you are on the way to a pertinent answer.

To me, 

being an intellectual doesn't mean knowing about intellectual issues; 

it means taking pleasure in them.

It is important that students bring a certain ragamuffin, barefoot irreverence to their studies; 

they are not here to worship what is known, 

but to question it.

Science is the acceptance of what works 

and the rejection of what does not. 

That needs more courage than we might think.

Dissent is the native activity of the scientist, 

and it has got him into a good deal of trouble in the last years. 

But if that is cut off, 

what is left will not be a scientist.

What every strong intellect wants to be is a guardian of integrity.

Knowledge is an unending adventure at the edge of uncertainty.

An intellectual dictator is not a sympathetic figure —

even when he has risen from humble beginnings.